Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization The term globalisation has many understanding from different people. Hill, (2005) as cited in Stuart, et al (2010), mentioned it refers most countries would shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy by the merging of historically and separated national markets into one huge global market place. Gavin C(2009)stated that it had replace those economic expressions such asinternationalization and transnationalism. Sadegh B.,et al,(2006) citied as Cheng (2000), mentioned that nowadays of people have great opportunity to learn from other countries. The globalisation could be superior grow that main driver key is there exiting many of preferences and the need of consumers from the worldwide (Pierre,D., 2006).Catherine ,D(2005) agreed that it could be reach an unexpected phenomena with high technology , advance communication and free trade market. 124 The impact of globalization has bring success of business to new level, where many countries have been go through it(EconomyWatch.,nd). In research based on Economy Watch team that found the globalization has bring forward on each industry and meanwhile it has destroy some of industry where its cannot survival though the impact of globalization. Their research have shown the financial industry could gain more benefit after the emergence of financial markets on global rather than local market, and be more efficient entrance the finance facility at other countries. With the free trade principle exercises on worldwide, it has result in boost up the finance flow. Economy of country will also increase whereas gain more business trade and investment from foreign investments, which has mentioned by Adam Smith, as cited in Ferraro (1998). 132 What are advantage and disadvantage of globalization? In generally , globalization has give advantage to company such as opportunity of develop new market for consumers have more variance choose the best quality product. It also provides educated understanding between different nationalities(bangkoklogistics,n.d.). Besides, companies can outsourcing their part of project that reduce time, uncertain factors and fail product. They can find more profit base on manufacturing rather than charge high price on consumer. Thus, they offer reasonably price for attach different type of consumer with good quality. Government has encouraging MNE invest directly on country that reduces unemployment by new investment and industrial ventures.(bangkoklogistics,n.d.) Disadvantage of globalisation Generally, for domestic supplies have to compete with international suppliers that lose the competitive advantage even fight with price. Thus, there would a lot of stress and threat of new type of colonization comes with much power and money from foreign player. Meanwhile, with the outsourcing concept, there would be increase jobless that is working middle class in developed country such as U.S(bangkoklogistics,n.d.). Among many companies have success in financial industrial though globalization, one of company can be more precise explain how reaction on impact of globalization and create new solution at nowadays which is Hong Kong and Shangai Banking Corporate holding plc(HSBC holding plc) The case study Justify why HSBC is MNE before history. Hong Kong and Shangai Bank Cooperate is one of examples success go though globalisations effect in financial industry. Thomas Sutherland was founder the HSBC while he was working in the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company[history]. He found that financial service management has huge demand in Hong Kong and China so that he and his group opened bank and established the HSBC in March 1865 at Hong Kong and Shangai. Chuan Li (n.d) stated that the World Bank operates the finance on worldwide but their goods, services were not satisfied, and inefficiency to local market need. Whereas, the World Bank unable afforded heavy debt and lead to a harsh economic imbalances. [111] By this lesson, Thomas had adopted the joint venture concept to operate business at different location(annual report). Thus, HSBC can reduce the uncertain from internal and begin a good relationship at local citizen and government. [35] Management of HSBC HSBC used the ethnocentric approach that easy communication between parent and subsidiary company at early stage. After subsidiary company has stability, then management structured can applied the polycentric method that efficiently and at short term to fit in the cultural and political of that country. With these approaches, HSBC has good start the step in their vision, which is the world local bank. It reminds people who want due to finance related with international and local that HSBC will be their first optional. Besides, HSBC also purchased those companies who specify area on financial field that can reduce costing, and decrease the uncertain risks. Nowadays of HSBC is one of the biggest banking and Service Company in worldwide and headquarter allocated at London. To reflect their vision, it has not ignored power of international network which has 8,000 properties in 88 countries and territories have include Europe; Hong Kong; Rest of Asia-Pacific; the Middle East; North America and Latin America.(annual report 2009)[116] With listings on the London, Hong Kong, New York, Paris and Bermuda stock exchanges, shares in HSBC Holdings plc are held by over 220,000 shareholders in 121 countries and territories. According to annual report 2009, HSBC has good maintained performance and well management convinced to shareholders during downturn periods. Because all shares are trading on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depositary Shares(annual report2009).142 Production To fulfill consumers common need and differential preference, HSBC offer a wide range of production and diverse into four categories such as Personal Financial Services (including consumer finance), Commercial Banking, Global Banking and Markets, and Private Banking. Need shown how effect to world.Categories Personal financial services Commercial banking Global banking and markets Private banking *I will focus these three ,suit title need clear easily gopal. Impact of globalisation to HSBC [summary] Lead Emerging market , HSBC has gain excellent of results through emerging markets on past few years. HSBC has good aim on those potential countries, which would boost up the economic, after change the political and other direct factors. The brand of HSBC was not being easily for entered at foreign market because education of consumers was so weak at early century. HSBC have to send a respective for understanding on real situation and reaction on it. Thus, HSBC provided training at local citizen to build up local teams that enable reduce conflicts and create more jobs which is will accepted by their government. With a good relationship of government, HSBC has confidence gained good result and do further plan in future. Internet age, Arrive on Internet Age, HSBC has adopted IT concept, which applied on their branches. Consumers were not willing accepted the changed at begin period because the network services have not mature yet and unconvinced to consumers. For generation X, they were no confidence with unphysical of documentations and lower of education. However, generation Y has willing be learns new things and can adopt this new phenomenon. HSBC required all stuff be patetion and polite handle this type of consumers. Financial crises, HSBC has well management and be aware of worse on US shares before financial crises. Subsiders of HSBC companies have not totally full influence from financial crises especially Malaysia, and other Asian countries. Top management of HSBC believed that not all eggs should put in one basket. They have enough resource to support those other countries, which has be damaged during downturn. They also willing lend their hand to help on those companies had worst impact with limited resource. Reason why did they success on these issues? Solution those arise from Lead emerging market issues Problems: time scales, burden cost, risk on purchased company, failure response from consumers, will production enable suit to consumer need ,WTO issues, Globalization and market ?the forces of globalization would establish global market for standardised product purchased in huge volumes by consumers worldwide [ot] .while global market do indeed exist for some standardized product but where little product differentiation is feasible or wanted by users, with other product and services varying international tastes and preference mean that product differentiations vital to appeal to local markets. HSBC research team found that success in emerging market has need good timing and more information collection to make precise decision. With new tools of communication, HSBC can easily communicate to other location in efficiency that reduced costing on research, failure response based on customers. To avoid conflicts and risk, they had designed production in wide range that from common characters for general need of consumers until local differential preference. Free trade, less regulation international , Solution those from Internet Age Problem : instability network services, afraid on new technology (ATM), perception of consumer , Globalisation and production ? however it may not only be the cost based advantages of alternative production location which might lead to such outsourcing but possibly less tangible factor , HSBC believed the internet banking will became world trend by following improved the stability network services and evolution of technological. They has outsourcing the machine of auto transfer money where can launch on public in early that it will be competitive advantages. This new pattern of business transaction will increase perception of consumers toward HSBC in developed countries, but it seems need more time for developing countries citizen to adopted the change. Solution those from financial crises: Problem: confidence consumer toward HSBC , dropped expenditure suddenly, cash inefficient, Globalization and the role of the nation state? Loss of competence The impacts of financial crises have serious damaged on economic, government policy taken action for decrease influence on people. Thus, finance industrial suddenly shortage of capital, cash inefficient and withdrawn out huge amount of cash by customers. Fortunately, HSBC has well prepaid enough resource to handle this situation and still borrow out money as usual that it can proofing HSBC has capability go through this recession . There many of factor influence success HSBC on globalistion , it will used PEST analysis for details. Analysis application of theory to evidence Apply part 2 to the company in part 1 Pest analysis : why did hsbc success?[ others factors influence it ] Different used IFRS and GAAP Pest analysis: Political [need more two points] tax policy, Risk of Political Instability, 2010 Country Rating1 Australia 9.24 Singapore 8.78 New Zealand 8.76 Germany 8.49 France 8.46 United States 8.16 Hong Kong SAR 7.49 United Kingdom 7.41 China 7.12 India 7.08 Malaysia 6.90 Taiwan 6.42 Korea 5.72 Japan 5.40 Indonesia 4.94 Philippines 3.50 Thailand 1.75 Footnotes: 1: 0 = very high, 10 = very low Source: The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2010, Switzerland, www.imd.ch/wcy. According to Business in Sydeny and NSW (2010), third ranked fallen on Australia that shown has a lower risk and uncertain on political. Thus, mostly investors invest on Australia where safe and stable political framework is. United Kingdom: United Kingdom has very little on political risk because of the efficiency on the Westminster system whereby adopted by Australia government (Business in Sydeny and NSW, 2010). During recession, the government of UK has applied some incentive solution even though changed loosening fiscal policy to tightening fiscal policy that grape those attention of public finances (AMB Country Risk Report, 2010c). Malaysia: Malaysia ranked on 13th that has moderate of political risk (Business in Sydeny and NSW, 2010). Malaysia has three major groups of people likes Malay, Chinese and India who are living in peaceful and understanding on each culture(Malaysia truly Asia,2009) .They also working together handle problems that avoid happen serious conflict against on May 1969. The national front consists of UMNO is the Malaysia government which included others races parties as MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association) and MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress) are collaborating for peaceful civilization(Malaysia truly Asia,2009). However, according to AMB research (2010b), found that the government is slowly applying inventiveness which citizen enable accept public contract in more transparency, less subsidies and involvement from government. Besides, government also has encouraging foreign invest in economic sectors (Malaysia truly Asia, 2009). Thus, Malaysian can be achieving the dream of being develop country on 2020. Tax policy : company has paid 28% of tax per yearly Well structure protection employees under Employment Act 1995( stable and good frame structure and can complain labor office http://www.pesaraonline.net/eatutorial.htm) Industrial Relations Act 1967 (major manufacturing law) http://www.pesaraonline.net/ir-guides.htm Trade unions act 1959 (major shareholder and director law) http://www.pesaraonline.net/tua-guide.htm China: China has a high risk of political even ranked after United Kingdom, because it has strongly stability of government and social based on summary A.M.Best Company(2010a).In report mentioned that government look for balance toward communist central with the capitalist- style economic center where can cooperate East industrial. China is a large and huge of population, but considers as developing country with terms of GDP (gross domestic product), infrastructure, and others (A.M.Best Company, 2010a). If advance of industrial keep on expand, it will increase unemployment rate that become useless toward GDP. The government has majority power to control it that avoid happen. Legal : United Kingdom: Malaysia: China: Economics(GDP): GDP, exchange rate , inflation, FDI United Kingdom: Economy 2000 2005 2007 2008 GDP (current US$) (billions) 1,477.58 2,280.11 2,799.04 2,662.65 GDP growth (annual %) 3.9 2.2 2.6 0.5 Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) 1.2 2.0 2.9 3.0 Agriculture, value added (% of GDP) 1 1 1 1 Industry, value added (% of GDP) 27 23 23 24 Services, etc., value added (% of GDP) 72 76 76 76 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28 26 26 29 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29 30 30 32 Gross capital formation (% of GDP) 18 17 18 17 Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) 37.1 36.9 37.4 38.3 Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP) 1.7 -2.9 -2.6 -4.7 According table 1.a[ GDP, GDP growth, inflation ] the growth of GDP has stable increase because consumer spending more actively on these few years . Then, average of inflation is moderate. The GDP has boost up over than 200 billion which means average of business were doing well. The government has increased inflation rates during high peak of GDP, but it has decrease rate during turn down that increased consumer spending. Industrial sectors, [agriculture, industry, services ] Industrial sector has growth up after but it seems slow down before year 2008.the emerging market has bring benefit to industrial such as lower labour cost ,but them faced many competitors form worldwide. Exprorts and important of good and serives [the exporting percentage has lower than import percentage that business loss some absolute advantages, Gross capital ,revenue , cash surplus or deficit ] the gross capital allocated average 17% and 18%. The revenue percentage of GDP has reach more than 35% Economic Risk: Very Low à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The United Kingdom (UK) has the second largest economy in Europe behind Germany. Service industries represent three quarters of economic production, particularly financial services and real estate activities. London is a global financial center and businesses there account for nearly half of the countrys financial services industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ While positive economic growth has resumed in 2010, the Bank of England is unlikely to raise interest rates until late 2011 at the earliest. United Kingdom has very low in economic risk by report ABM. One of biggest industrial that service can diverse into production, finance services and real se Financial System Risk: Very Low à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Financial Services Authority (FSA) regulates the UK financial services industries, including insurance. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The UK is widely seen as a major center for international insurance and reinsurance and is home to the London Market, a wholesale market that writes risk around the world. Lloyds of London accounts for over half of the business on the London Market. Global links Merchandise trade (% of GDP) 42.9 39.4 37.9 41.0 Net barter terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 100 105 104 105 External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions) .. .. .. .. Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and income) .. .. .. .. Net migration (thousands) 494 948 .. .. Workers remittances and compensation of employees, received (current US$) (millions) 3,614 6,302 7,877 7,861 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions) 122,157 177,405 202,071 93,506 Net official development assistance and official aid received (current US$) (millions) .. .. .. .. Malaysia: Economy 2005 2006 2007 2008 GDP (current US$) (billions) 93.79 137.85 185.98 221.16 GDP growth (annual %) 8.9 5.3 6.2 4.6 Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) 8.9 4.6 4.9 10.3 Agriculture, value added (% of GDP) 1 8 10 .. Industry, value added (% of GDP) 48 50 48 .. Services, etc., value added (% of GDP) 51 42 42 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 120 117 111 .. Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 101 95 90 .. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) 27 20 22 .. Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) 18.5 .. .. .. Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP) -3.0 .. .. .. According to the data of the World Bank, shown that the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is $ 191601,000,000 Financial System Risk: Low à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The insurance industry in Malaysia is regulated by the central bank, Bank Negara Malaysia. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Malaysian government continues to support the takaful and retakaful sectors as part of its strategy to make the country a global hub for Islamic financial services Source: IMF and A.M. Best Global links Merchandise trade (% of GDP) 192.1 185.4 173.8 161.2 Net barter terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 100 102 102 104 External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions) 41,874 51,981 61,567 66,182 Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and income) 5.6 5.6 4.8 .. Net migration (thousands) 498 150 .. .. Workers remittances and compensation of employees, received (current US$) (millions) 342 1,117 1,570 1,329 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions) 3,788 3,966 8,454 7,376 Net official development assistance and official aid received (current US$) (millions) 45 26 200 158 Economic Risk: Moderate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ At independence, in the 1960s, the Malaysian economy depended upon rubber and tin. Since then, the economy has transformed to become a regional manufacturing center, services provider and offshore financial center. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The government encourages foreign investment but maintains approval rights for individual investments, often opting to restrict foreign equity or encouraging the transfer of technology from foreign firms. China: Economy 2005 2006 2006 2008 GDP (current US$) (billions) 1,198.48 2,257.07 3,505.53 4,532.79 GDP growth (annual %) 8.4 11.3 14.2 9.6 Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) 2.1 3.9 7.6 7.8 Agriculture, value added (% of GDP) 15 12 11 11 Industry, value added (% of GDP) 46 47 47 47 Services, etc., value added (% of GDP) 39 41 42 42 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23 37 38 35 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21 32 30 27 Gross capital formation (% of GDP) 35 44 42 43 Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) .. 9.7 17.0 .. Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP) .. -1.4 .. .. Economic Risk: Low à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ China, the worlds most populous country, is home to the worlds third largest economy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rapid growth rates are driven by a strong export sector, state expenditures, construction and infrastructure development. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The government was able to respond to global economic downturn by launching stimulus programs, which brought a strong recovery in 2010. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Expansionary policies have resulted in massive increases in bank lending, stimulating the economy but bringing rise to fears of increases in non-performing loans. Financial System Risk: Moderate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The insurance industry is regulated by the Chinese Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ China is partially liberalizing its financial sector, which is a long and drawn out process but essential for the long-term sustainability of the economy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Insurance Law was amended in 2009 to enhance regulation in core areas such as the strength of the supervisory authority and solvency and investment guidelines. Global links Merchandise trade (% of GDP) 39.6 63.0 62.1 56.5 Net barter terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 100 86 80 74 External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions) 145,711 283,986 373,773 378,245 Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and income) 9.3 3.1 2.2 2.0 Net migration (thousands) -786 -2,058 .. .. Workers remittances and compensation of employees, received (current US$) (millions) 5,237 24,102 38,791 48,524 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions) 38,399 79,127 138,413 147,791 Net official development assistance and official aid received (current US$) (millions) 1,712 1,814 1,487 1,489 Social or cultures:[one more points] Religions: United Kingdom: Regional Summary: Western Europe à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Western Europe is a highly developed and affluent region. The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 countries that accounts for 30% of world gross domestic product (GDP). The EU is facilitating a single European market with standardized regulatory systems and free movement of people, goods, services and capital. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The euro-zone is made up of the 16 EU members that have adopted the euro as their currency. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Most, if not all, of Western Europe has been experiencing a severe economic slowdown and several countries remain in recession. While the European Central Bank has cut interest rates to spur demand, economic growth in the region has been generally modest. People Income share held by lowest 20% .. .. .. .. Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 78 79 80 80 Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 28 26 24 24 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15-49) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. .. .. Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 7 6 6 6 Malnutrition prevalence, weight for age (% of children under 5) .. .. .. .. Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 88 82 86 86 Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) 100 101 102 101 Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 0.1 0.2 0.2 .. Malaysia: Regional Summary: Southeast Asia à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Southeast Asia is a critical part of the world trading system and while the regions economies remain somewhat dependent on agriculture, manufacturing and services have been the engine for growth. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The region has been remarkably resilient to the global economic slowdown. While regionally growth slowed as the economies of their large trading partners (notably the U.S. and Europe) went through recession, the slowdown was in most cases moderate and the recovery in 2010 has been very strong. People Income share held by lowest 20% .. .. .. .. Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 73 74 74 74 Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.6 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 15 14 13 13 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15-49) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 98 .. .. Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 10 8 7 6 Malnutrition prevalence, weight for age (% of children under 5) .. .. .. .. Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 88 90 95 95 Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 98 96 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) 103 104 103 .. Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 0.3 0.5 0.5 .. China: Regional Summary: Eastern Asia à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Eastern Asia is home to some of the worlds largest and most advanced economies. China and Japan are both in the worlds top five countries measured by gross domestic product (GDP). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In the aftermath of the Southeast Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s, much of the region underwent a restructuring of traditional economic and financial practices to match international best practices in regulation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The region as a whole weathered the global financial crisis well, with local demand powered by government stimulus helping to maintain positive economic growth. People Income share held by lowest 20% ..

Joseph Conrad: An Innovator in British Literature Essay -- Conrad

Joseph Conrad: An Innovator in British Literature      Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrad’s innovative literature is influenced by his experiences in traveling to foreign countries around the world. Conrad’s literature consists of the various styles of techniques he uses to display his well-recognized work as British literature. "His prose style, varying from eloquently sensuous to bare and astringent, keeps the reader in constant touch with a mature, truth-seeking, creative mind" (Hutchinson 1). Conrad’s novels are basically based on having both a psychological and sociological plot within them. This is why Conrad’s work carries its own uniqueness from other novels when being compared to his.    Examples of Conrad’s literature include novels such as Heart of Darkness, Lord Jim, and The Secret Agent. Heart of Darkness is basically based on his own experiences, but Conrad also adds fiction into this particular novel (Dintenfass 1). It has been said that Conrad’s style of writing is described as "...life as we actually live it...[is] to be blurred and messy and confusing-- and the abstract ideas...[of] actual experiences can sometimes produce in us, or in that part of us, anyway, which tries to understand the world in some rational way." Acquiring this from the novel gives the reader a psychological perspective in that they are receiving feedback in a conscious way such as a hallucination or a phantasm (Dintenfass 2). Readers have curiously questioned the purpose of his novels such as Heart of Darkness, but the answer is quite simple. "[The] purpose is to get the reader to re-live [any] experience in some [significant] and concrete way, with all its complexity and messiness, all its darkness and ambiguity, intact" (Dintenfass 3). An addi... ...n, eds. Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. Vol. 1 Detroit: Hale Research Co., 1978. Dintenfass, Mark. "Heart of Darkness: A Lawrence University Freshman Studies Lecture." 14 Mar. 1996. *http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~csicseri/dintenfass.htm* (2 Feb. 2000). Draper, James P., ed. World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. Vol. 2 Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1992. Hamblin, Stephen. "Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Agent." *http://www.ductape.net/~steveh/secretagent/* (2 Feb. 2000). The Hutchinson Encyclopedia. 1999. 2 Feb. 1999. *http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/72/M0013572.htm Magill, Frank N., ed. 1,300 Critical Evaluations of Selected Novels and Plays. Vol. 2 Englewood Cliffs: Salem Press Inc., 1976. Stein, Rita, and Martin Tucker, eds. Modern British Literature. Vol. 4 New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1975.

Princess Diana Spencer Essay -- biographies bio biography

Princess Diana Spencer As I relax on a Sunday evening, breathe in fresh air before I enter my chamber, I catch a glimpse of something magically beautiful. With a long silk blue dress and a pearl-diamond tiara on her golden hair, the Lady, the Princess, the beauty of the world walks down the steps to the cheering crowds. She gives hope to her people when there is none. Sitting here, I feel her warm smile full of love and joy. This is my Diana, the light of this world! Diana’s childhood was full of wealth but lacked the happiness of a bonded family. Diana was born on a warm first day of July 1961. Diana lived in a very large house that had many facilities where she spent time with her siblings and Prince Andrew and Edward. Diana and her siblings were raised to be on their best behavior, and had self-discipline, respect, and proper etiquette taught by her noble parents. However, her parents started fighting when she was just six years old. The following year her parents divorced. Diana and her siblings were to stay with their father. Even though, nannies and servants took care of Diana and her little brother and sisters, the motherly care was missing. Diana felt abandoned and her soul felt deeply wounded. This was especially true for young Charles who missed his mother in an indescribable way. This was the time when Diana discovered her talent. By opening her heart to others, she numbed her own pain. Diana became a substitute mother for Charl es. She protected him and gave him love and warmth. Then, a scene of horror occurred for the nine-year-old Diana Spencer. Her father decided to send her to a boarding school. Diana was so shy, so vulnerable that it took her a long time before she could finally feel at ease in her new enviro... ...n the evening of Sunday the 31 of August. The coffin was moved several times until it was finally left at St. James’s Palace until the funeral on Saturday, September 6, 1997, in Westminster Abbey. After the funeral, the coffin was taken to the family estate at Althorp, for a private interment. The Princess was buried on an island in the center of an ornamental lake. Once I said that Diana is the light of this world. Now I know that these words were not strong enough. What she gave this world, to us her people is indescribable, but we do not seem to understand this until it is gone. Diana was a remarkable woman who gave light, hope, and love to this world. However, at the moment where she finally gained happiness and freedom she was killed. The harsh world took Diana away and left only the memories of this light, a gift from God, our Princes Diana in our hearts.

Arranged Marriage Is Not Relevant in Today’s Society

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY In an arranged marriage, the choice of a husband or wife is done by parents or the elderly. What do you think of this practice in today’s society? Discuss. Write in no more than 350 words. In an arranged marriage, the choice of a husband or wife is done by parents or the elderly. In this era of science and technology, people doesn’t depends on their families or the elderly anymore. They trust that true love come naturally in their life’s. Arranged marriage is not relevant in today’s society because of several reasons.Firstly, the reason why arranged marriage is done by young adults because of technology in today’s society after merdeka. In new modern, people always with internet , hand phone and television. Nowadays, the internet plays a crucial part in our lives. It is one of the most useful inventions of all time. For example, Facebook, Yahoo Messenger, Twitter and Skype invite us to know people each other from others country c ompare to the past generations which do know about technology. Thus, the technology plays a major rule in our life’s today.Besides that, educated is one of the reasons why arranged marriage is not relevant in today’s society. This is because, people in this generations have a lot of opportunity to continues their study until university or overseas. They will choose their partner in life which have a good career and high wages. In the past generations, the women of that time have no chance to further their study and have a good life. Therefore, it is undeniable that educated is the reason why arranged marriage is not relevant in today’s society. Apart from that, people like to travel at other country with family or friends to get a new experiences there.For example, people which travel at overseas maybe will like their culture and meets new people from other country. From knowing each other, they might have a relationship with the person they like. The ancients d oesn’t have an opportunity to travel because they are lack of money and facilities. Because of that, they just depends on recommendations of their parents to arranged their marriage. In a nutshell, arranged marriage is not relevant in today’s society because of several reasons. In order to gain those benefits, we need to have that advantages.

Gifted and Talented Education in the United States Essay

Abstract The purpose of this research is to find the best way for selecting and teaching gifted children for Gifted and Talented Education Programs in the United States. It explores who exactly are defined as â€Å"gifted students† and what their characteristics are like compared to regular students. Then it explains main ways of selecting and teaching them and listing pros and cons of each method. Finally it concludes that in order for Gifted and Talented Education in America to give full scope to gifted students’ ability, it is best to select children by using a set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect and teach them in the method called cluster grouping. Introduction Although school districts in the United States recognize that gifted and talented students are children with unique advantage and excellence, state laws, local policies, and available funding vary widely in each state. Therefore each school has their own services and curriculum for gifted students and also there is uneven protection for gifted and talented students under the law. This holds back the progress of gifted students which means that the disparity of school districts is taking away the children’s capability, potential, and their future. Therefore, it is important to unify the selection method and the broad idea of how to teach gifted students. There are many ways of selecting and teaching them, but the best way to select children is to use a set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect and teach them in the cluster grouping method because these are the most effective way to select and teach gifted students in order to cultivate unique their skills and expand the possibilities for their future. In this paper, it will define what Gifted and Talented Education Program and who gifted students are, and explain what kind of entrance exam for gifted education is the best. After that, according to the characteristics of gifted students, it will explore the best way of teaching them. Gifted and Talented Education Program Gifted and Talented Education is a broad term for â€Å"special practices, procedures and theories used to educate children who have been identified as gifted or talented†. National Association for Gifted Children, NAGC, estimates that approximately 6% of the student population is gifted and talented† (â€Å"National Association for Gifted Children†). The detailed aim of this education program differs from district to district, but the common aims that all school have are to develop students’ merits by following the lead of the gifted students since they have different speed of learning, most of the time faster, than regular students. Most of the decisions on gifted education are made at the state and local level. The Definition of Gifted Students There is no standard global definition for gifted students to this day. US Department of Education defines them as â€Å"children and youth with outstanding talent who perform or show the potential for performing at remarkably high levels of accomplishment when compared with others of their age, experience, or environment† (â€Å"US Department of Education†). However, there are many controversies among researchers over the definition of gifted students. In most school districts all over the United States, â€Å"students who generally score high scores on aptitude tests or on periodic examinations were offered a test to receive Gifted and Talented Education Program† (Maker and Nielson 5). However in this measurement, the students are selected based only on their general intelligence, which is a scholastic performance on coursework such as mathematical calculation capabilities and reading abilities in English. Therefore, in the past several years, the researchers have been challenging the theories and the definition of the gifted students. Some researchers say gifted students are children who are highly proficient based on triarchic theory of intelligence formulated by Sternberg. He discussed in his theory that intelligence consisted of three aspects. First is the analytic skill, such as ability to comprehend abstractly and evaluate information. Second is the synthetic skill or creativity, the ability to invent novel solutions or ideas. Third is practical skill, which enables people to cope with determinate situations. Also he proposed that intelligence involves distinct mental cognitive processes of three kinds: â€Å"(a) metacomponents, or executive processes needed for planning, monitoring, and evaluating problem solving; (b) knowledge-acquisition components, used to gather information necessary to solve problems; and (c) performance components, or processes needed to implement the commands issued by the metacomponents†(Sternberg 7). According to Sternberg, gifted students are not necessarily those who are good at processing general information but also students who are good communicating with people or who have more unique inspirations than others. Gardner defined intelligence as â€Å"the ability to solve problems of fashion products that are valued in at least one culture† (Gardner 4). In his research, it showed that there were at least seven different intelligences in people – linguistic, logical mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily kinesthetic, and intrapersonal. In this view, although it is true that students who score highly on standardized intelligence are somewhat gifted and talented, they are only adept in one aspect out of the many fields human being could be masterful. Gifted children are those who are adept in unique aspects. The Criteria for Determination of Gifted Students There are mainly three ways to test out students so that they can be identified as gifted and talented students: â€Å"a set of Otis Lennon School Ability Test and Stanford Achievement Test, WISC-IV, and a set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect† (Porter, section 2). The set of Otis Lennon School Ability Test and Stanford Achievement Test, usually expects students to score 96 percent in at least one subject and score more than 86 percent in Otis–Lennon School Ability Test, OLSAT. The Stanford Achievement Test mainly measures basic academic skills. OLSAT is a test of abstract thinking and reasoning ability. â€Å"It is organized into five areas, and it includes an equal number of verbal and non-verbal items each area which are verbal comprehension, verbal reasoning, pictorial reasoning, figural reasoning, and quantitative reasoning† (â€Å"Otis-Lennon School Ability Test ®Ã¢â‚¬ ). This means that this measures students mostly students’ standard scholarship like standardized intelligence. WISC-IV shows IQ scores which shows essential information and critical clinical insights into a child’s cognitive functioning. However, theories and the results of experiments by Gardner and Sternberg imply that schools in the United States should not define giftedness only by general intelligence or on IQ test scores of students. In this view, although it is true that students who score highly on standardized intelligence are somewhat gifted and talented, they are only adept in one aspect out of the many fields human being could be masterful. Therefore, the two tests that were above-mentioned are not suitable to determine students as gifted and talented students since these focus mainly on basic academic achievements and not on other factors that students could be talented in. The set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect, this focuses many aspects that children could be talented in, like regular scholastic abilities, artistic creativity, and interpersonal relationships unlike two of the tests mentioned above. Therefore if this method is used as the entrance examination system to receive gifted and talented education, students who are in gifted education program would be able to get opportunities to blossom further by getting motivated and inspired by other talented children who are gifted in other aspects because this method allows to accept many different kinds of talented students in the education program. Hence it is best to unify the Criteria for Determination of Gifted Students to the set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect. Characteristics of Gifted Students and the Adequate Way to Teach Accordingly There are many characteristics that gifted students have which regular students do not. Gifted learners usually have â€Å"excellent memories and ability to understand concepts and principles quickly† (Maker 104). Some of the gifted students have extraordinary capacity to input information and strategies with incredible fast time and naturally without so much effort put into it. This means that they only need little practice in order to acquire knowledge. However, they still do need to learn how to use the knowledge they acquired by analyzing, synthesizing, and by evaluating. It goes without saying that they already have this type of strategy, but it is important to develop their merits even more to their full extent. Dewy explains that most gifted learners fit into at least one of the following aspects: â€Å"(a) extraordinary ability to communicate ideas and feelings through words, actions, symbols, sounds, or other media of expression; (b) outstanding ability to think things through and consider implications or alternatives; (c) goal-oriented thought; (d) abilities to use ideas, processes, or materials ingeniously; and (e) an unusual capacity for information acquisition and retrieval† (344). He also explains that these kind of students need â€Å"opportunities to express in some form that leads them to show their ideas, problem solutions, or conclusion and to make connections to previous knowledge or experience† (351). Opportunity for students to express what they have in their mind is important since learners can benefit from hearing, seeing, or reading how others analyzed their opinions because the method of expressing could be different from their own. Second reason is because others have a chance to analyze and evaluate their process and also their finished product of their thinking. Also, it is important because â€Å"students need to be aware of their own mental processes in order to learn to control them† (Clarke 118). Expressing is one of the best ways for gifted students to educate themselves and also get education from other peers in class. Group activities build leadership and characteristics of each student. Maker and Nielson states that â€Å"because of the high degree of participation and the rapid pace of most games, gifted students usually maintain their interest in group-process† (129). In most cases in an active group interaction, some kind of structure forms. For example, one is perceptive, responsive, and assertive to their opinions and feelings, one is seasoned listener and knits up discussion when needed, and one has sense of humor unifying the group with a warm atmosphere. One could even not be participating in a group interaction at all. In structured performance like this, students can extend their uniqueness and skills they have and also influence each other positively by interacting with each other. One who is not participating at all seems like student is giving a negative influence, but in a group of gifted students, others who are participating have possibility to improve communication competency by trying to cope with him. Group process activities can be just a simple group discussion, or simulated social situations, or even games that need trust, willingness to open them up, and develop ability to support the group process activities. Considering all the characteristics of the gifted student learners, the best way to teach is to use the method called the cluster grouping. Cluster grouping is â€Å"an educational process in which four to six gifted and talented (GT) and/or high achieving students are assigned to an otherwise heterogeneous classroom within their grade to be instructed by a teacher that has had specialized training in differentiating for gifted learners† (Winebrenner 177). Clustering is not simply putting all the academiclly accelerated students into one classroom to study like other methods such as pull-outs, compacting, and enrichment which U.S. Government reported that these methods are generally unsuccessful in 1993. In cluster grouping, talented students are able to receive the place to express themselves to others in their individual way, develop their ability to use the knowledge they have acquired by analyzing, synthesizing, and by evaluating, and group activities. Schuler emphasizes that â€Å"through cluster grouping the intellectual, social, and emotional needs of the gifted students can be addressed† (section 4). There are many cleasr evidence that shows the advantages in cluster grouping. According to one survey, advantages include: â€Å"cost effectiveness, high challenge and expectations of students, faster progression through curricula, administrative ease in observation of services, increased understanding of GT students, and an improved opportunity to address the psychological needs of the GT students† (Rogers 249). Other research has shown â€Å"a 99% positive approval rating among parents of clustered children and a 90% positive approval rating among the children themselves.† (Rogers 226). Therefore, it is clear that cluster grouping is a successful method to teach gifted students. Conclusion There is clear evidence and reasonings that cluster grouping method and the set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect for selective examination are the most effective and efficient way to use gifted education in America. However, there are still many questions and problems unsolved even though the gifted and talented education in the United States started more than 100 years ago. One of the reasons is because that there are only few researchers who collect numerical data of gifted children. Many researchers most of the time only come up with new method of teaching or selecting gifted students but they do not publish clear evidence why they are successful. United States is in need of furthur research and experiments on gifted education and gifted students for the success of the future children and for the future of the United States. Clarke, John. Patterns of thinking: Integrating learning skills in content teaching. Columbus, OH: Merrill, 1986. Dewey, John. The child and the curriculum and the school and society. Chicago, IL: University of Chiago Press, 1956 Gardner, Howard. Five Forms of Creativie Activity: A Developmental Perspective. Dayton, OH: Ohio Psychology Press, 1994 Maker, C. June and Aleene B. Nielson. Curriculum Development and Teaching Strategies for Gifted Learners. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Pro ed, 1995 Rogers, Karen. Re-forming Gifted Education. Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press, 2002 Schuler, Patricia. Cluster Grouping Coast to Coast, Neag Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development. Danbury, CT: University of Connecticut, 2005 Sternberg, Robert. Conceptions of giftedness. New York, NY: Cambridge University Express, 1986 Winebrenner, Susan. Teaching Gifted Kids in the Regular Classroom. Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit Publishing, 2001 â€Å"Gifted and Talented Students† U.S. Department of Education. < http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/pg72.html>. â€Å"What is Gifted† National Association for Gifted Children. < http://nagc.org/WhatisGiftedness.aspx >. â€Å"America no Gifted Education no Kyouiku Jijyou† Washington State University. 2 November. 2011. < http://www.blog.crn.or.jp/report/02/130.html >.

Escape Essay

All day long Orloff had paced his cell. The blackness of the sky outside was equaled only by the blackness of his thoughts. The deep rolling of the thunder reverberated through the thick stone walls of his prison, and every now and then a fitful gust of rain swirled through the tiny broken window, wetting his face as he stared out into the night. Orloff cursed, wiped the water from his face with his grimy fingers, and turned to pacing his cell once more. For seven long years Orloff had been thus confined – but a small fraction of the life sentence he was serving for the horrible crime he had committed. But at times he had asked himself, â€Å"Was it not worth it, after all?† He could still feel the wet, warm blood trickling between his fingers, and see the whites of his victim’s eyes. Then, too, there was that great day of the trial, when so many officials, in their splendid uniforms and gold braid, and so many beautiful women, clad in their furs and satins, had gazed at him, horror-struck, unable to avert their eyes from his face, or miss one word that fell from his lips†¦At such times Orloff would rub his hands and smile to himself, in memory of that great day. But tonight Orloff was in a different mood. Black despair and vengeance reigned supreme in his soul; he wished only to escape, in order that he might seek out his destroyers and in turn destroy them. His steps became more feverishly agitated; perspiration gathered on his forehead and he clenched his hands until the nails bit into his flesh and little trickles of blood oozed from between his fingers. A brilliant lightning flash illuminated the far wall of his cell –lighting it as it had never been lighted before. Orloff’s eyes became riveted upon a huge stone, on the lowest tier†¦Were his eyes deceiving him, or had he in truth seen a tiny crack surrounding it, as though the cement had been scraped away or altogether removed? Hardly daring to breathe he tip-toed across the room and fell on his knees before the stone, feeling its edges with his blood-stained fingers. Yes, there was a deep crevice surrounding it. And, what was more, the stone was loose. Orloff tugged at it, scraping the flesh from his fingers, sweat pouring from his face and matted hair†¦It moved†¦He pulled the great stone from its place and peered into the blackness beyond. Another lightning flash showed him what he had hardly dared hope for – a passage in the rock, leading downward from his place of torment. On the floor was a piece of paper, folded and yellow with age. With trembling fingers he carried it to the window, through which shone the faint rays of a lamp in the courtyard below, and there unfolded it. On it was a brief message, apparently written with some dark red fluid. For the first time in his life Orloff was glad that he had been made to read, if only a little. For on the paper was written: â€Å"I escaped by this passage. May he who finds this share my good fortune.† It was signed S.K. The tramp of the sentry’s feet resounded outside the door of his cell. Orloff threw himself over the stone till the footsteps had died away; then he thrust his head and shoulders into the opening, and began slowly to worm his way along the narrow passage before him. The walls of the passage were wet with slime and mould, and sharp, jagged rocks protruded, tearing Orloff’s clothes and scratching deep into his flesh†¦But of all this Orloff knew nothing. His eyes were gleaming, but only one thought was present in his mind –escape. He dug his bloody fingers into the mud and pushed himself steadily forward, flat on his stomach, like a serpent. As he advanced, the floor of the passage became steeper and steeper, sloping at an ever-greater angle. The walls became yet wetter and more slimy and the jagged rocks bit deeper into his writhing limbs. Foot after foot Orloff propelled himself along this narrow, sloping path. His breath came in short gasps, while the darkness seemed to become ever more intense. For one moment he paused, an agonizing fear shooting through him. He realized that it would be impossible for him ever to ascend that sloping passage to regain his cell. A cold shiver ran down his spine. Then, he clenched his teeth and propelled himself forward with the superhuman strength of despair. A sharp bend in the passage revealed a sight which made him gasp. A faint circular opening in the distance permitted the rays of the moon –which had fitfully begun to shine –to penetrate the stygian blackness. The end of the passage lay before him. Victory –escape! The cold night air fanned his face; he urged himself onward in a last desperate effort. The passage became ever more sloping as he advanced. His body was inclined at a sickening angle. Strange streaks of blackness seemed to cross his vision, as he half fell, half slid the few feet which yet remained to be traversed. Orloff’s head crashed into something hard, which half stunned him. A moment later he opened his eyes, and saw before him a heavily barred iron grating, and – a skeleton.

How Were Markets and Fairs an Important Part of Medieval Life

Lesly Kurian 8 June 2007 â€Å"First of all, there are the hucksters who sell food to the public, the beer sellers, the publicans, and then the weavers. Not far off are the drapers, and then the parchment sellers’ pitch. Then the open space where they sell uncured skins and wool†¦Here comes the people leading the animals- cows, oxen, ewes and pigs, and men selling horses, the best you can buy, mares, foals, and palfreys, suitable for counts and kings. † Many people came to buy items from markets and fairs, including the 13th century poet who described a typical market (Pierre and Sabbagh 54).Markets were important to daily life because most of the items people bought there, they couldn’t grow or make themselves. People also made a living by selling goods there. Going to markets also gave people a chance to see goods produced in other towns (MacDonald 8). Markets were held once a week and usually lasted for a day or two (9). Since many towns were built near r ivers, merchants could easily come to them and set up stalls and tents (Grant). In the center of town, there was a large space for stalls to be set up. In wealthy towns, markets were held in grand halls or covered by a canvas roof from the weather.In the market, officials checked and measured items and identified fake money (Mac Donald 9). Merchants sold an incredible variety of items for daily life; food, utensils, tools, clothing, art, and combs (â€Å"Markets and Fairs†, MacDonald 8). Rich merchants set up stalls to sell these items. However, peasants who came to sell their goods couldn’t afford stalls, so they were forced to display on the ground. Even worse, they had to pay a tax if they displayed on the ground (â€Å"Markets and Fairs†)! Superstitions were strong in markets too!In a typical market, a cross or holy statue was placed in the center to protect customers from any danger (MacDonald 9)! Eventually, merchants started visiting and trading in other areas. By the 12th century, many became traders and used ships on trade routes (Langley 46). Most traders used ships because they could carry large loads over a long distance versus carts on roads (Grant, MacDonald 11). Items usually transported on ships were wool, metals, timber, oil, wine, and salt (â€Å"Markets and Fairs†). As trade increased, major castles and cities became wealthy. New towns were created during the High Middle Ages because of this immense wealth.Some even became independent of a lord or king’s rule by paying him a tax (Langley 48). As new towns were created, the population grew and some towns grew into major cities, like Paris, Venice, London, and Florence. The increase of trade also provided jobs for many and helped spread ideas around the world. Cities often became contacts and allies because of this (MacDonald 10). One group of contacts was called the Hanseatic League. It linked over 100 towns with each other. This group dominated Northern Eur opean trade from the 13th to the 15th centuries (Pierre and Sabbagh 54, Grant).Trading among towns led way to fairs. Fairs were very special occasions because people got to look at and buy foreign and expensive items not sold at markets (MacDonald 9). They gave people a chance to take a break from daily life and enjoy themselves. They were held once a year on a saint’s feast day (Langley 54). Fairs were usually located on the outskirts of town because there was enough grassland for traders to set up their tents and graze their animals (MacDonald 9). Traders from many different lands sold specialty items at fairs.Valuable furs, such as lynx and leopard, were popular. People also took interest in special foods like pig meat and onions. Tools and weapons were also available (Pierre and Sabbagh 54). Entertainment and refreshments was also a large part of fairs. Jugglers, stunts men, acrobats and musicians performed there. Gambling was also part of fairs. Men bet on who would win a fight; wrestlers and dogs against bears and cockfights were popular (â€Å"Markets and Fairs†). Refreshments, especially during hot weather, were enjoyable. Bakers and brewers served pies, or chewets, and beer (Langley 54).There was special fair called the Fairs of Champagne, in France. It went on throughout the whole year without stop. Merchants, traders, and customers alike all flocked there to sell and buy goods. Unfortunately, it ended during war in the 15th century (Pierre and Sabbagh 54). As anyone can see, markets and fairs during Medieval Times were an important part of daily life. They provided needed items for life and occasional luxuries, too. However, not everyone appreciated markets and fairs. Preachers often complained that fairs were held on holy days so people would shop instead of pray!They also believed that markets and fairs were places that people sinned the most; cursing, boasting, lying and arguing all happened there (MacDonald 9). Imagine that! Biblio graphy Grant, Neil. Everyday Life in Medieval Europe. North Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media, 2001. Langley, Andrew. Medieval Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996. MacDonald, Fiona. Town Life. North Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media: 2005. Pierre, Michel and Morgan-Antoine Sabbagh. Europe in the Middle Ages. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Silver Burdett Press, 1998. N/A. â€Å"Markets and Fairs† N/A. Online. http://www. xtec. es/crle/02/middle_ages/alumne/index. htm. 20 May 2007.