English Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Class - Essay Example In a customary instructive arrangement, the dynamic force exclusively rests with the educator. At the point when the understudies are not permitted their sufficient portion of dynamic, they become a greater amount of items as opposed to cognizant people with explanatory and evaluative faculties. (Freire) has recognized two essential sorts of instructive ideas, in particular the financial training and the issue presenting training, and has talked about the qualities of both. The financial training is the run of the mill educational methodology in which the educators are in control and the understudies are oppressed. In the tests, children’s memory is checked instead of their diagnostic aptitudes. The issue presenting idea is on the opposite finish of the scale. In the issue presenting instructive idea, the educator is consistently intellectual and never story. The instructor receives an intelligent methodology and teaches his own appearance in those of the understudies. In this arrangement of instruction, neither the instructor nor the understudies normalize the ideas. To them, reality continues changing thus do the ideas. What is the banking framework of instruction? This is an arrangement of training where the educator and understudies don't commonly apply intellectually to understand reality, however the accepted truth is taken care of into the understudies by the instructor. The educator is in every case right! The instructor readies the exercise in advance and makes the introduction in the class.

Kate Chopins Controversial Views Essays - Frdric Chopin,

Kate Chopin's Controversial Views Too solid a beverage for moral children, and ought to be marked 'poison'. was the how the Republic depicted Kate Chopin's most renowned novel The Awakening (Seyersted 174). This was the not just the perspective on one magazine, however it summed up the sentiments of society in general. Chopin woke up individuals to the sentiments and psyches of ladies. Despite the fact that her thoughts were disputable at to start with, gradually throughout the decades individuals started to acknowledge them. Kate O'Flaherty Chopin was brought up in St. Louis in the 1850's and 1860's. Chopin had a cozy relationship with her French grandma which lead to her valuation for French authors. At the point when she was just five Chopin's dad, Thomas O'Flaherty passed on leaving her without a dad figure. Eliza O'Flaherty, Chopin's mother, was from that point on the leader of the family unit. Chopin developed up realizing that ladies could be solid and shrewd and that they didn't need to be accommodating animals (Skaggs 2). She adored her mom and considered her A lady of extraordinary excellence, knowledge, and individual attraction (Seyersted 14). Growing up around free ladies, be that as it may, didn't deter her from marriage. Her union with Oscar Chopin apparently was a glad one. Assuming the job of a high society woman just as spouse and new mother, Chopin fit in well with the New Orleans culture. She appreciated the Louisiana climate so well that the greater part of her compositions were based here. Chopin kept living in Louisiana bringing up her six little youngsters until the abrupt demise of her better half took her back to St., Louis (Skaggs 3). Oscar Chopin kicked the bucket while their most youthful youngster, Lelia was as it were three. Not long after Chopin moved her family to St. Louis to be with her perishing mother. In the sadness of her misfortunes Chopin needed to rediscover what her identity was. This test turned out in her composition of champions looking for self-comprehension (Skaggs 3). No more Eliza O'Flaherty's girl or Oscar Chopin's significant other, Kate Chopin had to locate another job for herself. Her new job would be a essayist. A couple of key figures throughout her life impacted Chopin to compose. Specialist Frederick Kolbemheyer was a long lasting companion on whose help she continuously depended. Brought up in Austria and afterward ousted for his convictions, Kolbemheyer was a logician and urged Chopin to peruse Darwin, Haxley, and Spencer. Their convictions were fundamentally the same as and he probably bolstered her when she criticized the Catholic religion after her mom's demise. The darling companions wrote to each other frequently while Chopin was in Louisiana. Seeing the ability in her composition, Kolbemheyer urged Chopin to distribute her letters. She appreciated him extraordinarily and even named her child Frederick after him. (Taylor 147). There were three American ladies scholars of the time that Chopin appreciated. When asked who might be a decent model lady essayist she reacted, I am aware of nobody better than Miss Jewett to read for strategy and comfort of development. I don't specify Mary E. Wilkins for she is an incredible virtuoso and virtuoso isn't to be considered. (Taylor 163). Wilkins' book Pembroke was censured by society and Chopin more likely than not been thoughtful when five years later her own book The Awakening was additionally censured. Chopin too admired Ruth McEnery Stuart and applauded her work as being Consistent with nature, and having a healthy human note (Taylor 163). It is remarkable that later Chopin's ability and style were to be contrasted with crafted by these ladies whom she respected. The best impact on Chopin was the French author Guy de Maupassant. Chopin depicts Maupassant by expressing, Here was a man who got away from custom and authority ... watched out upon life through his own being with his own eyes; and who, in a direct what's more, basic was, told up what he saw. (Taylor 159). Chopin deciphered eight of his works and through him built up her style of composing. She shared his idea of a legend : A separated world-exhausted and skeptical saint who delights in his own arousing quality; who confides in nature and questions human connections, particularly love; who encounters a feeling of freedom through single strolls and confidences in his composing... also, who is firmly attracted to death as an answer for the dreary uselessness of life's delights. (Taylor 160) This was the fundamental layout for the plot of The Awakening . The book begins with Edna, a New Orleans high society spouse and mother who was hopeless with her life. While spending the mid year in Great Isle, Edna meets Mademoiselle Reiz whose music is the main thing in which Edna discovers satisfaction.

Communication Technology in the 21st Century Essay

In 21st century that we live in, correspondence should be possible from multiple points of view other than regular talking directly before one another. The explanation behind that is a direct result of the presence of correspondence innovation and the wide enthusiasm for this innovation from individuals around the globe. Correspondence innovation is improving at this very moment and increasingly significant division is relying upon it to pick up advantages, for example, business and legislative issues. Correspondence innovation incorporates phone, radio, TV, web, and internet based life. Correspondence Technology sway on open and private life Communication Technology profoundly affects both open and private life. In open life correspondence innovation serve a greater number of focal points than burdens. We can discover companions through web based life or web based game locales, we can even discover reasonable accomplice through dating destinations. The impediments are that individuals can give bogus data and adventure the upsides of web based life on individuals open life and cause misconception, loss of properties or some of the time even lives. In private life, the weaknesses are more than the points of interest. The points of interest are that we can impart and remain associated with our family or companions on the web, yet it is additionally simple for programmers to get to our own profile on the web. Numerous cases have been accounted for that such episodes do much of the time occur. For instance, taken from a website;† Gang Used Social Media Sites to Identify Potential Victims† (Teen Prostitution 2012). Our private lives are effectively misused through the headway of Communication Technologies as well. Improvement of Communication and Information Technology Communication innovation causes us from various perspectives. Correspondence Technology can communicate data to a wide scope of individuals around the globe in a brief timeframe, this is valuable for commercials, passing on significant messages to wide scope of crowds and refreshing residents of current news. Correspondence these days can even be available from anyplace as long as the gadget can associate with the web and there is web inclusion around there. Some portion of the progression of correspondence innovation is credited to the creation of Smartphone in the market that makes it simpler to access and associated with various kinds Communication Technologies. Web based life has turned into the most mainstream and best part of correspondence innovation, the explanation being clients around the globe can speak with one another anyplace and whenever they are on the web. Online networking turned into the most utilized correspondence innovation in contrast with TV, radio, and customary phone. Ad organizations and even political figures far and wide utilize internet based life system to pass on their message. As appeared in a video on the web, radio took 38 years to arrive at a market crowd of 50 million, TV took 13 years, web took 4 years, Ipod took 3 years and online networking mammoth Face book took just 2 years. (Did You Know 3. 0 2012) This demonstrates correspondence innovation is improving throughout the years and is a significant method of broadcasting data. Correspondence Technology has been improving and creating since the main TV was conceived, numerous thoughts and recommendation of what the future will resemble with the persistent advancement on correspondence innovation. Avery intriguing case of the progression on correspondence innovation is a gadget called Sixth Sense innovation. â€Å"Sixth Sense is a wearable gestural interface gadget by Pranav Mistry, a PhD competitor in the Fluid Interfaces Group at the MIT Media Lab†. Intuition 2010) This innovation shows that innovation can be increasingly intelligent with human and some time or another we won't need to wear or bring a wide range of sorts of gadgets, for example, hand telephone, watch, I Pad, IPod, yet one gadget can give data from all the gadgets we have now joined thus considerably more. Focal points and Disadvantages of Communication Technology As referenced above, Communication Technology gives bit of leeway and impediments to our general public. The upsides of correspondence innovation are in all honesty the explanation correspondence innovation are being concocted for, to let individuals around the globe to convey unreservedly to one another, however now correspondence innovation can share considerably more things, for example, photographs, recordings, and even compose occasions with individuals we didn't know previously. Yet, with the idea of correspondence innovation to be free and open to everybody, a few people will in general abuse correspondence innovation for individual increase and enthusiasm by influencing others. Other than fixation, the issue of correspondence innovation nowadays are clients around the globe didn't utilize the gave correspondence innovation â€Å"smartly†. Clients of correspondence innovation ought to know and taught about the do’s and don’ts utilizing correspondence innovation, for example, web based life. There have been situations where individuals post their social number or even financial balance recklessly on their web-based social networking that draws in misusing the upsides of correspondence innovation. A few clients that post a wide range of photographs on their online life likewise give sufficient of data to general society and effectively can be focused by guilty parties. Enactment concerning Communication Technology To ensure the individuals of their nation, governments around the globe have made wellbeing, security and interchanges enactments. In Ireland, Data Protection Act 1988 has been delivered and was revision by Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2003. This demonstration is to give security when significant individual data is given to an association or individual to an individual. The point of these rights is to assist you with making sure that the data put away about you is: truthfully right; just accessible to the individuals who ought to have it; just utilized for expressed purposes. Information Protection Commissioner) Freedom of Information Act 1997 have likewise been created in Ireland and changed by the Freedom of Information Act (Amendment) 2003. The Freedom of Information Act sets up the accompanying legal rights: A lawful ideal for every individual to get to data held by open bodies and government divisions. A lawful ideal for every individual to have official data identifying with himself/herself altered where it is fragmented, off base or misdirecting A lawful option to get purposes behind choices influencing himself/herself. Opportunity of data in Ireland) In synopsis, correspondence innovation gives favorable circumstances and hindrances and no ifs, ands or buts hugy affect society and what's to come. Correspondence innovation can be supposed to be the creation of the century as a result of the progressions it make to humankind, it tends to be supposed to be the â€Å"line† that recognize the period of data innovation in contrast with the last time. Correspondence innovation gives an understanding to our future and will keep on carrying advantage to our general public gave we remember of how to utilize correspondence innovation productively.

This Whole System is wrong Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

This Whole System isn't right - Case Study Example Any businesses or associations that abuse those measures are in danger of being rebuffed seriously through the forcing of assents and other correctional measures. These authorizations may prompt the blacklist of our items and thusly a decrease in productivity. Aside from the danger presented by sanctions, you know that our organization has constructed a decent name for itself in view of its quality items and great advertising. The issue of poor working conditions in our plants in China may very well chaos up our notoriety and put us at loggerheads with governments and clients. I accept this is a value that would be unreasonably high for the organization to pay, considering we can initiate changes in those industrial facilities and improve it for laborers there. Simultaneously, I might want to request a second gander at the periods of a portion of the laborers in those industrial facilities. Kid work is illicit, and the work of underage specialists might be adverse to our expectations for development and long haul plans. I trust in your capacity to make the correct call since you have substantiated yourself as a capable, visionary and down to business pioneer. Let us attempt to offset our desire with our techniques, on the grounds that occasionally the end doesn't as a rule legitimize the

Capital markets Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Introduction This paper will examine the capital markets which a source of channel between suppliers and users of capital to gain greater profits. Main purpose of capital markets is to create an environment where the buying and selling of various instruments like equity and debt take place. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s an avenue where savings and investment facilities provide capital from retail and institutional investors and its users of these capital markets are different businesses, government and individuals. Capital markets are vital to the functioning of an economy, since capital is a critical component for generating economic output. These markets consist of primary markets, where new stock and bond issues are sold to investors, and secondary markets, which trade existing securities. Another way to classify financial markets is by the maturity of the claims. For example, a financial market for short-term financial assets is called the money market, and the one for longer maturity financial assets is called the capital market. The traditional cutoff between short term and long term is one year. That is, a financial asset with a maturity of one year or less is considered short term and therefore part of the money market. A financial asset with a maturity of more than one year is part of the capital market. Thus, the debt market can be divided into debt instruments that are part of the money market, and those that are part of the capital market, depending on the number of years to matu rity. Because equity instruments are generally perpetual, they are classified as part of the capital market. A third way to classify financial markets is by whether the financial claims are newly issued. When an issuer sells a new financial asset to the public, it is said to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“issueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  the financial asset. The market for newly issued financial assets is called the primary market. After a certain period of time, the financial asset is bought and sold among investors. The market where this activity takes place is referred to as the secondary market. One of the company that use capital market practices is Wells Fargo. It is a publicly traded company which was established in March, 1852 by its founders Henry Wells, William G. Fargo, and associates. It started out as resource to monitor its transportation of its money but as the time changed Wells Fargo used that stagecoach image it created as its backbone and a symbol for its marketing strategies. In the fall of 2008, Wachovia bank faced a near collapse of its share price and weakening confidence because of its exposure to troubled mortgage assets. Wachovia Corporation, headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, was incorporated in 1967 and was registered as a financial holding company and a bank holding company. These events marked another shakeup for the troubled U.S. banking sector saddled with heavy losses from the bursting of the real estate bubble. The merger of the former Wachovia Corporation (NYSE:WB) and First Union Corporation was effective Sept. 1, 2001. In October of 2007, Wachovia and A.G. Edwards Sons, Inc. (NYSE:AGE) announced an agreement under which Wachovia would acquire A.G. Edwards, which will be combined with Wachovia Securities, LLC to create a retail brokerage firm with $1.1 trillion in client assets and nearly 15,000 financial advisors. The company indicates that the combined entity has a national footprint of 3,350 brokerage locations, including 1,50 0 retail offices in 50 states and in Washington D.C. Founded in Winston-Salem, N.C. as Wachovia National Bank on June 16, 1879, Wachovia grew to be one of the largest diversified financial services companies in the United States. It traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol WB. Wachovia provided a broad range of retail banking and brokerage, asset and wealth management, and corporate and investment banking products and services to customers through 3,300 retail financial centers in 21 states, along with nationwide retail brokerage, mortgage lending, and auto finance businesses. Globally, Wachovia served clients in corporate and institutional sectors and through more than 40 international offices. Wachovia is acquired In 2008, Wells Fargo Company acquired Wachovia Corporation to create North Americaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most extensive distribution system for financial services, Wells Fargo provides banking, insurance, investments, mortgage, and consumer and comme rcial finance through more than 9,000 stores, 12,000 ATMs, the Internet, and other distribution channels across North America and internationally. The integration of Wachovia and Wells Fargo is complete, and all Wachovia accounts have been moved to Wells Fargo. Wachovia was burdened by a sagging $122 billion portfolio of option-adjustable-rate mortgages it took on with its purchase of Golden West Financial Corp. in 2006. (Wells Fargo, 2015) Capital markets are consists of the stock and bond markets which are followed on their daily movements and analyzes the economic situation on the world stage as every market in the world is effected by each other. We furthermore, look into the various institutions that operate on capital markets like stock exchanges, commercial banks and different types of corporations, which include non-bank institutions such as insurance companies and mortgage banks. Operating in the capital markets institutions are granted a wide range of access which helps in generating more capital for long-term purposes, for example in a merger or acquisition, to develop a line of business or go into a new business and various other capital projects. Entities that are raising money for these long-term purposes come to one or more capital markets. In the bond market, corporate bonds are used by companies to issue debt. And on the otherhand governments like local or federal issue similar bonds know as government bonds. Since governments are not publicly held so they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t issue equity. Following the same pattern, companies are able to raise money by issuing equity in the stock market. They are considered as the seller in the market for issued equity or debt. Now, the buyers or investors usually invest in the stocks or bonds of the sellers in the market and then trade in them. There are two types of market entities:- Primary Market- here ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a first time issuer of the securities on the market. Secondary Market- here on the securities are already issued and being traded among different buyers. For sellers, make money off the sale in the primary market is more profitable then equity in the secondary market. Wells Fargo best services its clients by following its vision, of providing financially sound advice to its customers for them to achieve a satisfied and successful venture on the capital market. Their belief that different customers across all business segments can be better served, and save time and money, if they bring all their financial services to one trusted provider that knows them well, provides trusted guidance and advice, and can serve their full range of financial needs through a wide choice of products and services. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s about building lifelong relationships one customer at a time. The impact of Wells Fargo, on its competitors, and the industry are that there is always a need to watch consumer behavior to see how people will spend their money and why they choose a certain bank or lender to help them make the decisions to spend or sav e their money. Banks always have to see what motivates consumers to pick the banks they pick. Technology can play a major role in that decision, so banks always need to find ways to be up to date on technology as well as given that to the public securely. These trends pose opportunities to the banking industry because the more a bank like Wells Fargo can keep up with the trends of society, the more business they will receive. (Frank J. Fabozzi Franco Modigliani, 2009) Conclusion This paper looks at the Wells Fargoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s weaknesses include confusion due to large-scale activity. Being an enormous company it is hard to personally know all individuals within the banking community. They are often the targets of fraud, and counterfeiting due to how large they are. Other weaknesses might include ability to obtain brand loyalty. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society, with so many other large scale competing banks, getting brand loyalty from individuals can be compli cated. Many people have accounts in more than one bank, and several individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ change from bank to bank depending on offers they are given at different times. References Frank J. Fabozzi Franco Modigliani (2009) Capital marketsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯: institutions and instruments (4th edition). Wells Fargo. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.wellsfargo.com/

Nozick vs Rawls Justice - Literature Essay Samples

In his famous work, A Theory of Justice, John Rawls argues that, as a consequence of his three principles of justice, people are not entitled to reap the benefits of their natural talents in such a way as does not benefit society at large, claiming that â€Å"inequalities of birth and natural endowment are deserved, these inequalities are to be somehow compensated for† (86). He introduces the principle of redress to determine this compensation. The principal of redress is not one of his three core principles of justice (it is, â€Å"a prima facie principale, one that is to be weight in the balance with others† ) however, in order to make his argument for the principal of redress more compelling he ties it in with the difference principle, the second part of the second of the three main principles of justice (86). I have included his explanation of the connection and the explication of his position in regards to natural talent in full, as its complexity and specificity r esists summation without oversimplification: The difference principle represents, in effect, a agreement to regard the distribution of natural talents as in some respects a common asset and to share in the greater social and economic benefits made possible by the complementaries of this distribution. Those who have been favored by nature, whoever they are, may gain from their good fortune only on terms that improve the situation of those who have lost out. The naturally advantaged are not to gain merely because they are more gifted, but only to cover the costs of training and education and for using their endowments in ways that help the less fortunate as well. No one deserves his greater natural capacity nor merits a more favorable starting place in society. But, of course, this is no reason to ignore, much less to eliminate these distinctions. Instead, the basic structure can be arranged so that these contingencies work for the good of the least fortunate. Thus we are led to the difference principle if we wish to set up the s ocial system so that no one gains or loses from his arbitrary place in the distribution of natural assets or his initial position in society without giving or receiving compensating advantages in return. (87) Essentially, the principle of redress, which mandates that naturally talented people cannot profit off their talents in a way that doesn’t benefit society at large, is an extension of the difference principle, one of Rawls’ main arguments, because the application of the difference principle leads to the creation of a social structure that accounts for the necessity of the principle of redress. Robert Nozick, a prominent American philosopher, objects to Rawls’ assertions about the entitlement of the naturally gifted to the benefits of their talents in his work Distributive Justice, published in the Journal of Philosophy and Public Affairs in 1973. He argues that there are three types of principals of justice: those concerning how things not previously possessed by anyone may be acquired, those concerning how possession may be transferred from one person to another, and those concerning what can be done to rectify injustices that arise due to violations of the afor ementioned. He goes on to classify theories of justice as a) either end-result or historical and b) either patterned or unpatterned. Nozick argues that Rawls’ theory of distributive justice is an end-result theory it holds â€Å"that the justice of a distribution is determined by how things are distributed (who has what) as judged by some structural principle (s) of just distribution† (50). He then argues that distribution and entitlement theories should be historical and unpatterned i.e. they should not demand that distribution resulting from just acquisitions, transfers, and rectifications take into account need, merit, or the good of society and they should account for the fact that â€Å"past circumstances or actions of people can create differential entitlements or differential deserts to things† given that â€Å"most persons do not accept [end state] principles as constituting the whole story about distributive shares. They think it relevant in assessing the justice of a situation to consider not only the distribution it embodies, but also how that distribution came about† (50-51 ). Evidently, in historical, unpatterned distribution theories people may indeed lay claim to the benefits of their arbitrary endowments. Nozick rejects Rawls’ argument for the necessity of the principle of redress because it is inherently not historical and therefore does not take into account factors Nozick argues are vital to consider. In arguing that theories of distribution must be historical at the very least, if not unpatterned, Nozick undermines Rawls’ theory of distribution, especially the principle of redress, as it is fundamentally an end state theory. If one agrees that historical entitlement is relevant to discussions of distribution and wishes to take historical entitlement into account in any respect, in other words, if any historical entitlement theory is just, as Nozick argues any that result from just transfers, acquisitions, and rectifications are, then Rawls’ theory is incorrect. Rawls’ theory of redress inherently cannot be a historical theory therefore, if any historical entitlement theory is proven to be just, Rawls’ theory is proven unjust. The burden of proof is on Rawls. The most plausible reply Rawls could make would have to rely on the ideal nature of the veil of ignorance. If all principals of justice should ideally be developed through the veil of ignorance, as Rawls argues they should be, then no historical entitlement theory could be just, as historical theories cannot be developed through the veil of ignorance. Nozick’s argument for the necessity of historical theories relies primarily on the opinion of most persons, so the most direct counterargument Rawls could make would be that public opinion cannot be allowed to determine what is just, given the human tendency to attempt to better one’s own situation at the expense of others, and that the veil of ignorance is the only way to avoid corrupt theories of â€Å"justice†. He would argue that historical theories cannot be just as they are too subjective. Rawls and Nozick fundamentally disagree in the historical vs end state theory debate and so it seems that they would event ually reach an impasse. As such, the debate goes on. Works Cited Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971 Nozick, Robert. Distributive Justice. Philosophy Public Affairs, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Autumn, 1973), pp. 45-126. Wiley. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2264891

Examples of Brain Drain in the Developing World

Brain drain refers to the emigration (out-migration) of knowledgeable, well-educated, and skilled professionals from their home country to another country. This can take place because of several factors. The most obvious is the availability of better job opportunities in the new country. Other factors that can cause brain drain include: war or conflict, health risks, and political instability. Brain drain occurs most commonly when individuals leave less developed countries (LDCs) with fewer opportunities for career advancement, research, and academic employment and migrate to more developed countries (MDCs) with more opportunities. However, it also occurs in the movement of individuals from one more developed country to another more developed country. The Brain Drain Loss The country that experiences brain drain suffers a loss. In LDCs, this phenomenon is much more common and the loss is much more substantial. LDCs generally do not have the ability to support growing industry and the need for better research facilities, career advancement, and salary increases. There is an economic loss in the possible capital that the professionals may have been able to bring in, a loss in advancement and development when all of the educated individuals use their knowledge to benefit a country other than their own, and a loss of education when educated individuals leave without assisting in the education of the next generation. There is also a loss that occurs in MDCs, but this loss is less substantial because MDCs generally see an emigration of these educated professionals as well as an immigration of other educated professionals. Possible Brain Drain Gain There is an obvious gain for the country experiencing brain gain (the influx of skilled workers), but there is also a possible gain for the country that loses the skilled individual. This is only the case if professionals decide to return to their home country after a period of working abroad. When this happens, the country regains the worker as well as gains a new abundance of experience and knowledge received from the time abroad. However, this is very uncommon, particularly for LDCs that would see the most gain with the return of their professionals. This is due to the clear discrepancy in higher job opportunities between LDCs and MDCs. It is generally seen in the movement between MDCs. There is also a possible gain in the expansion of international networking that can come as a result of brain drain. In this respect, this involves networking between nationals of a country who are abroad with their colleagues who remain in that home country. An example of this is Swiss-List.com, which was established to encourage networking between Swiss scientists abroad and those in Switzerland. Examples of Brain Drain in Russia In Russia, brain drain has been an issue since Soviet times. During the Soviet-era and after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, brain drain occurred when top professionals moved to the West or to socialist states to work in economics or science. The Russian government is still working to counter this with the allocation of funds to new programs that encourage the return of scientists that left Russia and encourages future professionals to remain in Russia to work. Examples of Brain Drain in India The education system in India is one of the top in the world, boasting very few drop-outs, but historically, once Indians graduate, they tend to leave India to move to countries, such as the United States, with better job opportunities. However, in the last few years, this trend has started to reverse itself. Increasingly, Indians in America feel that they are missing the cultural experiences of India and that there are currently better economic opportunities in India. Combating Brain Drain There are many things governments can do to combat brain drain. According to the OECD Observer, Science and technology policies are key in this regard. The most beneficial tactic would be to increase job advancement opportunities and research opportunities in order to reduce the initial loss of brain drain as well as encourage highly-skilled workers both inside and outside the country to work in that country. The process is difficult and it takes time to establish these sorts of facilities and opportunities, but it is possible, and becoming increasingly necessary. These tactics, however, do not address the issue of reducing brain drain from countries with issues such as conflict, political instability or health risks, meaning that brain drain is likely to continue as long as these problems exist.